@article {Semprucci2011,
	title = {{Meiofauna in sandy back-reef platforms differently exposed to the monsoons in the Maldives (Indian Ocean)}},
	journal = {Journal of Marine Systems},
	volume = {87},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {2011},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {208{\textendash}215},
	publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
	keywords = {Hydrodynamism, Maldives, meiofauna, nematodes, Sediments, Wave energy},
	issn = {09247963},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jmarsys.2011.04.002},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0924796311000911},
	author = {Semprucci, F. and Colantoni, P. and Sbrocca, C. and Baldelli, G. and Rocchi, M. and Balsamo, M.}
}
@article {Heindl2011,
	title = {{First detection of thiotrophic symbiont phylotypes in the pelagic marine environment.}},
	journal = {FEMS microbiology ecology},
	volume = {77},
	number = {1},
	year = {2011},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {223{\textendash}7},
	abstract = {Marine oligochaete and nematode thiotrophic symbionts (MONTS) form a phylogenetic cluster within the Gammaproteobacteria. For the symbionts that live on the nematode surface, environmental transmission is likely. However, until now, no free-living relatives have been found. In this study, we detected MONTS cluster members in offshore surface seawater of both the Caribbean and the Mediterranean Sea by PCR amplification of their 16S rRNA genes. This is the first evidence of members of this cluster in the pelagic environment. These may either be free-living forms of the symbionts or closely related, nonsymbiotic strains. In either case, their existence sheds light on the evolution of beneficial symbioses between shallow water invertebrates and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria.},
	keywords = {16S, 16S: genetics, Animals, Bacterial, Biological Evolution, Caribbean Region, Gammaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria: classification, Gammaproteobacteria: genetics, Genes, Mediterranean Sea, Molecular Sequence Data, Nematoda, Nematoda: microbiology, Phylogeny, Ribosomal, RNA, Seawater, Seawater: microbiology, Symbiosis},
	issn = {1574-6941},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01096.x},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21434948},
	author = {Heindl, Niels R and Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R and Bayer, Christoph and L{\"u}cker, Sebastian and Ott, J and Bulgheresi, Silvia}
}
@article {Boufahja2011,
	title = {{An assessment of the impact of chromium-amended sediment on a marine nematode assemblage using microcosm bioassays.}},
	journal = {Biological trace element research},
	volume = {142},
	number = {2},
	year = {2011},
	month = {aug},
	pages = {242{\textendash}55},
	abstract = {Microcosms were used to assess the impact of chromium on free-living marine nematodes. Nematodes were exposed to three chromium concentrations (500 ppm (dm, dry mass), 800 ppm (dm) and 1,300 ppm (dm)), and effects were examined after 4 weeks. Results showed significant differences between univariate measures of control nematodes and those from medium- and high-chromium microcosms. Most, decreased significantly with increasing level of chromium contamination. The medium-chromium treatment seems to be the minimal concentration that could has a negative effect on nematodes. Results from multivariate analyses demonstrated that responses of nematode species to chromium treatments were varied: Leptonemella aphanothecae was eliminated at all doses tested and seemed to be intolerant species to chromium; Daptonema normandicum and Sabatieria longisetosa which significantly increased at 500 ppm chromium (dm) appeared to be "opportunistic" species at this dose whereas the two Bathylaimus species (Bathylaimus capacosus and Bathylaimus tenuicaudatus) which increased at all the doses tested seemed to be "chromium resistant". As we think such "opportunistic" and "resistant" species could be used as sensitive indicators of unsafe marine food. The use of microcosms has allowed the effects of the chromium on nematodes to be assessed individually, which was not possible in the field.},
	keywords = {Animals, Chromium, Chromium: chemistry, Geologic Sediments, Multivariate Analysis, Nematoda, Nematoda: drug effects},
	issn = {1559-0720},
	doi = {10.1007/s12011-010-8762-6},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20632126},
	author = {Boufahja, Fehmi and Hedfi, Amor and Amorri, Jalila and A{\"{\i}}ssa, Patricia and Beyrem, Hamouda and Mahmoudi, Ezzeddine}
}
@article {Bulgheresi2011,
	title = {{Calling the roll on Laxus oneistus immune defense molecules.}},
	journal = {Symbiosis (Philadelphia, Pa.)},
	volume = {55},
	number = {3},
	year = {2011},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {127{\textendash}135},
	issn = {0334-5114},
	doi = {10.1007/s13199-012-0157-3},
	url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3294214{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract},
	author = {Bulgheresi, Silvia}
}
@article {Bulgheresi2011a,
	title = {{Sequence variability of the pattern recognition receptor Mermaid mediates specificity of marine nematode symbioses.}},
	journal = {The ISME journal},
	volume = {5},
	number = {6},
	year = {2011},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {986{\textendash}98},
	publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
	abstract = {Selection of a specific microbial partner by the host is an all-important process. It guarantees the persistence of highly specific symbioses throughout host generations. The cuticle of the marine nematode Laxus oneistus is covered by a single phylotype of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. They are embedded in a layer of host-secreted mucus containing the mannose-binding protein Mermaid. This Ca(2+)-dependent lectin mediates symbiont aggregation and attachment to the nematode. Here, we show that Stilbonema majum-a symbiotic nematode co-occurring with L. oneistus in shallow water sediment-is covered by bacteria phylogenetically distinct to those covering L. oneistus. Mermaid cDNA analysis revealed extensive protein sequence variability in both the nematode species. We expressed three recombinant Mermaid isoforms, which based on the structural predictions display the most different carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs). We show that the three CRDs (DNT, DDA and GDA types) possess different affinities for L. oneistus and S. majum symbionts. In particular, the GDA type, exclusively expressed by S. majum, displays highest agglutination activity towards its symbionts and lowest towards its L. oneistus symbionts. Moreover, incubation of L. oneistus in the GDA type does not result in complete symbiont detachment, whereas incubation in the other types does. This indicates that the presence of particular Mermaid isoforms on the nematode surface has a role in the attachment of specific symbionts. This is the first report of the functional role of sequence variability in a microbe-associated molecular patterns receptor in a beneficial association.},
	keywords = {16S, 16S: genetics, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Bacteria, Bacteria: classification, Bacteria: genetics, Bacteria: isolation {\&} purification, Bacterial Physiological Phenomena, Helminth Proteins, Helminth Proteins: chemistry, Mannose-Binding Lectin, Mannose-Binding Lectin: chemistry, Mannose-Binding Lectins, Mannose-Binding Lectins: genetics, Models, Molecular, Molecular Sequence Data, Nematoda, Nematoda: genetics, Nematoda: microbiology, Nematoda: physiology, Pattern Recognition, Pattern Recognition: chemistry, Phylogeny, Protein Isoforms, Protein Isoforms: chemistry, Receptors, Ribosomal, RNA, Sequence Alignment, Symbiosis},
	issn = {1751-7370},
	doi = {10.1038/ismej.2010.198},
	url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3131856{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract},
	author = {Bulgheresi, Silvia and Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R and Heindl, Niels R and Dirks, Ulrich and Kostadinova, Maria and Breiteneder, Heimo and Ott, J}
}
